What will computer chips look like in 2045?
Dwarkesh Podcast

What will computer chips look like in 2045?

B2Upper-intermediateOctober 22, 20261 hr 9 min
  • Interview
  • Technology

I spent two days touring Intel’s most advanced fab and talking to its technical leadership to understand what the chips of the future will look like. A lot of what's coming next – gate-all-around transistors, backside power, CFET, hybrid bonding – is hard to follow without actually seeing it, so we made all the awesome animated explainers that I wish I had while I was prepping. I also asked Intel’s leadership how the semiconductor industry will cope with the enormous shock in demand from AI. AI compute has grown 3x a year for the last...

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To sustain that progress, foundries like Intel will need to manufacture far more leading-edge

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The production of these chips is bottlenecked by tools

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0:00

There's never been as big a shock to the semiconductor industry as the current surge in demand from AI. AI is driving incredible computing demand. Easily 40 to 50% above our maximum capacity, which I've never seen before.

0:14

Progress in AI has been driven by exponentially increasing compute. To sustain that progress, foundries like Intel will need to manufacture far more leading-edge compute, both by producing more chips and by improving what each chip can do. The production of these chips is bottlenecked by tools

0:29

that Intel buys from their suppliers, most famously, ASML's EUV machines. If they don't have the equipment, they can't make the chips here.

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