In one line
The future stem + the
imparfaitendings. And its first use is politeness, not conditions.
The table
How it is built — two pieces you already know
| Piece | Where from |
|---|---|
| the stem | the same stem as the future — usually the infinitive itself |
| the endings | the same endings as the imparfait — -ais -ais -ait -ions -iez -aient |
parler | finir | prendre | |
|---|---|---|---|
je /ʒə/ | parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
tu /ty/ | parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
il /il/ | parlerait /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | finirait /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | prendrait /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
nous /nu/ | parlerions /paʁ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ | finirions /fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ | prendrions /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.ɔ̃/ |
vous /vu/ | parleriez /paʁ.lə.ʁje/ | finiriez /fi.ni.ʁje/ | prendriez /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.e/ |
ils /il/ | parleraient /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | finiraient /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | prendraient /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
-re verbs drop the final e: prendre → prendr + ais.
This is English "would", folded into the verb.
je parlerais= "I would speak",il viendrait= "he would come". English uses one unchanging helper for every person; French changes the ending — but the meaning maps across almost perfectly, including the politeness use below.
Three uses
| Use | Example | Meaning | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| politeness — by far the commonest | Je voudrais un café. | I'd like a coffee | /ʒə vu.dʁɛ.zœ̃ ka.fe/ |
| wishes and hypotheses | Je serais content. | I'd be happy | /ʒə sə.ʁɛ kɔ̃.tɑ̃/ |
| the result of a type-2 condition | Si j'avais le temps, je viendrais. | /si ʒa.vɛ lə tɑ̃ ʒə vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
In daily life the first use outweighs the other two combined.
je voudraisis the polite way to ask for anything.English does exactly this — "I would like" instead of "I want" — so the instinct transfers directly.
Je veux un caféis as blunt in French as "I want a coffee" is in English.
The irregular stems — the same as the future
| Infinitive | Stem | Infinitive | Stem | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
être /ɛtʁ/ | ser- /sɛʁ/ | voir /vwaʁ/ | verr- /vɛʁ/ | |
avoir /a.vwaʁ/ | aur- /oʁ/ | venir /və.niʁ/ | viendr- /vjɛ̃dʁ/ | |
aller /a.le/ | ir- /iʁ/ | devoir /də.vwaʁ/ | devr- /dəvʁ/ | |
faire /fɛʁ/ | fer- /fɛʁ/ | savoir /sa.vwaʁ/ | saur- /soʁ/ | |
pouvoir /pu.vwaʁ/ | pourr- /puʁ/ | falloir /fa.lwaʁ/ | faudr- /fodʁ/ | |
vouloir /vu.lwaʁ/ | voudr- /vu.dʁ/ | envoyer /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | enverr- /ɑ̃.vɛʁ/ |
If you know the future stems, the conditional is free.
Exceptions
| Exception | What happens |
|---|---|
Never after a conditional si /si/ | Si j'avais /si ʒa.vɛ/, not Si j'aurais |
But it is allowed after si /si/ meaning "whether" | Je ne sais pas s'il viendrait. |
The stem always ends in r | that is the marker of both future and conditional |
| Confused with the future in speech | je parlerai /paʁ.lə.ʁe/ against je parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ — only the vowel differs |
The
sirule matches English and you already obey it. English does not say "if I would have known" in careful usage either — it says "if I had known". French applies the same ban without exception: thesiclause takes the imperfect or pluperfect, and the conditional goes in the other half.
Examples
| English | French | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| I'd like a coffee | Je voudrais un café. | /ʒə vu.dʁɛ.zœ̃ ka.fe/ |
| Could you help me? | Pourriez-vous m'aider ? | /pu.ʁje vu mɛ.de/ |
| I ought to go | Je devrais partir. | /ʒə də.vʁɛ paʁ.tiʁ/ |
| If I had money, I'd travel | Si j'avais de l'argent, je voyagerais. | /si ʒa.vɛ də laʁ.ʒɑ̃ ʒə vwa.ja.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
| I'd be happy | Je serais content. | /ʒə sə.ʁɛ kɔ̃.tɑ̃/ |
| I'd like to come | J'aimerais venir. | /ʒɛ.mə.ʁɛ və.niʁ/ |
Common mistakes
| ❌ | ✅ | Why |
|---|---|---|
Si j'aurais su. | Si j'avais su. | The conditional is banned after a conditional si |
Je veux un café. (in a shop) | Je voudrais un café. | je veux sounds blunt |
je prenderais | je prendrais | -re verbs drop the e |
je serai content meaning "I'd be" | je serais content | One letter apart, two meanings |
Future versus conditional
one letter apart, and nearly identical to the ear
je | tu | il | nous | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| future | parlerai /paʁ.lə.ʁe/ | parleras /paʁ.lə.ʁa/ | parlera /paʁ.lə.ʁa/ | parlerons /paʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ |
| conditional | parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | parlerait /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | parlerions /paʁ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
In the je form the only difference is an s — and in pronunciation:
| IPA | |
|---|---|
je parlerai future | /paʁ.lə.ʁe/ — closed "e" |
je parlerais conditional | /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ — open "e" |
French speakers themselves blur these in speech. But the meaning is completely different:
| Pronunciation | ||
|---|---|---|
Je viendrai. | I will come — a commitment | /ʒə vjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
Je viendrais. | I would come — conditional or polite | /ʒə vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
English has the same problem in fast speech: "I'll come" and "I'd come" are one consonant apart and are regularly misheard. The difference in stakes is identical too — one is a promise, the other is not.
The written test: if there is a condition in the sentence, or you are asking for something politely → conditional, with the s.