Who was Alan Turing? (English Vocabulary Lesson)

Do you know what this is? I don't know. The answer is... There's something else. If you're a man, you're a real problem.

In the right, in Westminton or in the middle, you're a real person. Full air incompetent. That's why he's a plot.

His career is a great opportunity for society. A real character with a bit of 50 hours of time. You're a character. Correct?

You're right. And a plot is documented. There's no difference in language and writing. The same version or protocol on the right side can be used.

Even the code code, the Nostomy, would be free to transcribe the code, because the code was based on precise browser class, and that's all of the course, DSG for the Ocon form. And how would the plot plot write?

It's simple, as the info from the plot, PLAOD. Over 45,000 users in Germany, are used with professional media. And with the code, the ECN,

if you now have 10% on the Note Pro or the Note PINS, on the E point, the plot point AE, slash new, only for 31,000. plot.

Hello, I'm Tom Wilkinson and welcome back to another episode of Thinking and English, a podcast for Intimidiate to Advanced Level English Learners. Every time you type a message, unlock your phone or trust a computer to make a decision. You are relying on the ideas of someone you may never have heard of and probably never learned

about at school. That person is Alan Cheering. He was a British mathematician, logician and wartime code breaker, and one of the most important figures in modern science and technology. Cheering helped lay the foundations of modern computing. He played a crucial role in breaking Nazi codes

during the Second World War. And he asked questions about machines that still shape how we think about artificial intelligence today. His influence is everywhere, from the security that protects your data to the algorithms behind AI. In this episode, I want to explore Alan Churring's life, his scientific achievements, the legacy he left behind, and connect his story to my greatest

scientists of all time series. There is an ad-free version of this episode, no ads, no sponsors, on Patreon, both in audio and video form. Link is in the description. Here is today's vocabulary list. Codebreaker. Codebreaker. A person who deciphered coded or encrypted messages. For example,

Alan Cheering was a famous codebreaker during World War II. Algar rhythm, Algar rhythm, clear step-by-step instructions for solving a problem. As in, computers use algorithms to perform complex tasks quickly. Computable, computable, capable of being calculated using a set of rules.

examples. For example, chewing asked whether every problem is computable. Encryption, encryption, the process of converting information into a secret code. For example, online banking relies on strong encryption to protect data. De-Crit, converting coded information back into readable forms. As in, the team spent hours

decrypting enemy messages. Classified, classified, officially kept secret for security reasons. For instance, his wartime work remained classified for decades, persecution, persecution, prolonged cruel or unfair treatment. For example, Alan Cheering suffered persecution because of his sexuality.

When Cheering was born in 1912 in London, from a young age he showed exceptional talent for mathematics and science. He was fascinated by numbers, patterns and by how the natural world worked. However, he often struggled socially. He found it difficult to fit in at school and was known for his unconventional, maybe strange way of thinking. He preferred logic and

problem-solving to small talk and social rules. Cheering went on to study mathematics at King's College Cambridge, where his abilities quickly became clear. He produced original research while still a student and was elected a fellow of the college at a very young age. Later, he continued his studies in the United States

at Princeton University, focusing on mathematical logic and advanced theories of computation. Even in these early years, there were clear signs that Cheering thought differently from those around him. He questioned basic assumptions, approached problems from unusual angles, and imagined possibilities that others had not yet considered. Before the Second World War,

Alan Cheering produced a piece of work that quietly transformed how humans understand thinking, logic, and machines. In 1936, he published a paper with a long and technical title, on computable numbers with application to the Ent Shidang's problem.

I'm not sure if I pronounced that correctly. This was a very complicated paper, but it was basically Cheering's attempt to answer the question, are there limits to what can be calculated? To explore this, he invented an imaginary device we now call the Cheering Machine. The Cheering Machine was not a real

machine, it existed only as an idea. Cheering imagined a very long strip of paper, like can infinite roll of tape. That was divided into squares. Each square would have a symbol inside, like 0, 1 or blank. There would be a reading head that reads or looks at the symbol one square at a time and this head could move left or right. And also there would be a very

simple set of rules for the machine to follow. For example, if you see the number zero, right the number one. At each step the machine would read a symbol, follow the correct instruction, write a new symbol, and move on. These instructions are what we now call algorithms. They are clear step by step rules for solving a problem. Through this model,

during defined computation as the acts of carrying out logical steps mechanically. There was no creativity or understanding needed. It was possible simply by following rules. Even though the machine is incredibly simple,

Alan Turing showed that it can do anything a real computer can do, given enough time. This means that you're laptop, or your phone, the internet, AI systems like chatGPT, are all in theory doing something that a cheering machine could also do.

Cheering's most powerful insight was the idea of a universal machine. Instead of building a