词汇

100个最常用英语短语动词(附例句)

短语动词在真实英语中无处不在——而大多数教材几乎不涉及它们。以下是你真正需要的100个,附含义和例句。

FlexiLingo 团队
2026年5月29日
17分钟阅读

1什么是短语动词(以及为什么它们无处不在)

短语动词是一个动词与一两个小词——介词、小品词或两者——的组合,这些小词合在一起承载着无法从各部分单独预测的含义。"Give"有一个含义。"Give up"则意思完全不同。"Give in"、"give out"和"give away"各有不同的意思。小词改变了一切。

英语母语者持续不断地使用短语动词——不只是在随意对话中,在会议、播客、新闻广播、电影甚至正式写作中也如此。研究口语英语的学者一致发现,短语动词出现的频率比其单词等价物更高。你听到"find out"的概率远高于"discover","put off"远高于"postpone","bring up"远高于"raise"。

这意味着如果你无法识别和使用常用短语动词,你就缺失了一大块真实英语。本文涵盖100个最常用的,按基础动词分组以便更容易学习和比较。每条都有清晰的含义和真实的例句。

关键见解:短语动词不是俚语。它们是口语英语和非正式写作的标准词汇。避免使用它们会让你的英语听起来正式而不自然。

2为什么短语动词感觉那么难

如果你觉得短语动词令人困惑,你并不孤单。即使是高级学习者也常说它们是英语词汇中最难的部分。有四个主要原因:

一个动词,多种含义——单个短语动词可以有几个不相关的义项。"Run out"可以表示某东西没有了,也可以表示合同到期了。语境是唯一的指引。
相同含义,不同动词——"give up"、"quit"和"stop"都可以描述放弃某事,但母语者在略微不同的情况下会使用各自其中之一。
字面vs比喻——"I picked up a stone"(字面)和"I picked up Spanish in a year"(比喻)以完全不同的方式使用同一个短语动词。
语序规则——有些短语动词可以分开("turn the light off"或"turn off the light");另一些不能(你不能说"look into it"为"look it into")。这些规则是真实的,但很少被解释。

好消息是你不需要一次全部记住。关于词汇习得的研究表明,排名前100的短语动词涵盖了绝大多数的真实用法。先学这些,长尾就变得更容易管理了。

3可分离vs不可分离的短语动词

关于任何短语动词最有用的一个认知,是它是否可分离。这决定了你是否可以将名词宾语放在动词和小品词之间——以及当宾语是代词时你是否必须这样做。

可分离的短语动词

你可以把宾语放在小品词前面或后面。"Turn off the TV"和"Turn the TV off"都是正确的。但如果是代词,只有分开的版本可以:"Turn it off"是正确的——"Turn off it"不正确。

不可分离的短语动词

动词和小品词必须在一起。宾语始终跟在完整短语动词后面:"She looked after the children"——不能说"She looked the children after"。代词遵循同样的规则:"She looked after them。"

在下面的列表中,大多数条目后面跟着显示语序的自然例句。如果一个例句将动词和小品词分开,这个短语动词就是可分离的;如果宾语始终跟在两个词后面,就是不可分离的。使用错误的语序是中级学习者最常见的错误之一——所以要注意每个例子中的模式。

提示:当你保存一个新短语动词时,始终注明它是否可分离。写两个短例句——一个带名词宾语,一个带代词——使语序变得自动。

4与GET连用的短语动词(16个)

"Get"是英语中最多能的动词之一,其短语动词形式属于日常口语中最常见的。这16个是必不可少的——在听几个小时的自然英语后,你会遇到所有这些。

get up从床上或坐着/躺着的位置起来

She gets up at six every morning to go to the gym.

get along (with)与某人有友好的关系

He gets along well with all of his colleagues.

get away逃跑,或去度假

They finally got away for a long weekend in the mountains.

get back返回某地,或取回某物

I got back from the conference late last night.

get by在有限资源或困难中勉强应付

We can get by on one income for a few months if we are careful.

get down使某人感到悲伤或沮丧

All this rainy weather is really getting me down.

get in进入交通工具,或到达某地

What time does your flight get in?

get into对某事产生兴趣,或进入某地

She got into podcasting during the lockdown and never stopped.

get off离开交通工具,或下班

Get off the bus at the third stop and walk two blocks north.

get on上交通工具,或取得进展

How are you getting on with your new project?

get out离开某个地方或情境

He decided it was time to get out of the corporate world.

get over从疾病、失望或困难经历中恢复

It took her months to get over losing that job.

get rid of去除或消除不需要的事物或人

I finally got rid of all those old books I was never going to read.

get through挺过或完成困难的事,或联系到某人

I could not get through to the office — the line was busy all day.

get together作为一个群体聚会

Let's get together for coffee before the holidays.

get up to做某事,通常是调皮的或出乎意料的事

What have you been getting up to lately?

5与TAKE、PUT和BRING连用的短语动词

"Take"、"put"和"bring"构成了数十个高频短语动词。将它们一起学习有助于你看到模式——像"off"或"up"这样共同的小品词如何在不同基础动词中创造相关含义。

take off飞机起飞,或脱掉某物

The plane took off two hours late due to the storm.

take on接受新工作、挑战,或雇用某人

She took on three extra clients this quarter and is feeling overwhelmed.

take out取出,或邀请某人外出社交

He took her out to dinner to celebrate the promotion.

take over接管某事的控制权

A larger company took over their startup last spring.

take up开始新的爱好或活动,或占用空间/时间

I took up running last year and it has changed my mornings.

put away将某物放回其适当位置

Please put your toys away before dinner.

put off推迟,或使某人失去兴趣或热情

Stop putting off that difficult conversation — it only gets harder.

put on穿上衣服,或体重增加

She put on her jacket and headed out into the cold.

put out熄灭火或灯,或造成不便

It took firefighters two hours to put out the blaze.

put up with容忍令人不快的事物或人

I do not know how she puts up with all that noise every day.

bring about导致某事发生

The new regulations were designed to bring about lasting change.

bring back归还某物,或唤起记忆

That song brings back memories of our road trip.

bring up抚养孩子,或在对话中引入话题

He brought up the budget issue right at the end of the meeting.

bring out发布产品,或揭示某人的某种品质

Competition really brings out the best in her.

bring forward将某事重新安排到更早的时间

Can we bring the deadline forward by a week?

6与COME和GO连用的短语动词

"Come"和"go"是英语中最基本的运动动词,但它们的短语形式远远超出了物理运动的范畴。许多表达变化、进展、惊喜和社交互动。

come across偶然发现或遇到某事

I came across an old photo album while cleaning the attic.

come along陪伴某人,或取得进展

How is your French coming along these days?

come back返回某地或某活动

She moved abroad for two years but came back last autumn.

come down with患上某种疾病

He came down with a bad cold the night before the presentation.

come out出版或发布,或被揭露

Her new book comes out in September.

come over到某人家里拜访

Do you want to come over for dinner on Friday?

come up意外出现或被提及

Something came up at work and I had to cancel my plans.

come up with产生或想出一个想法、计划或解决方案

The team came up with a creative solution in under an hour.

go ahead继续进行某事

Go ahead and start without me — I will be five minutes late.

go along with同意或接受某事

She did not fully agree but went along with the plan anyway.

go back返回某地或更早的时间

They went back to the restaurant where they had their first date.

go off警报或炸弹启动,或食物变质

The alarm went off at three in the morning and woke everyone up.

go on继续,或发生

What is going on in the meeting room?

go out离开家进行社交活动,或灯光熄灭

They go out every Friday evening to unwind after the week.

go over仔细检查或审查某事

Let's go over the contract one more time before signing.

7与LOOK、TURN和GIVE连用的短语动词

"Look"、"turn"和"give"各有丰富的短语动词家族,描述方向、变化和转移。这些在对话和写作中都特别常见。

look after照顾某人或某物

Could you look after my cat while I am away?

look back回想过去

Looking back, I am glad I made that decision.

look for寻找某事或某人

I have been looking for my keys for the past twenty minutes.

look forward to愉快地期待某事

I am really looking forward to the summer holidays.

look into调查或检查某事

The manager promised to look into the complaint right away.

look out小心或注意危险

Look out — there is ice on the steps.

look up查找信息,或情况改善

Look up the word in a dictionary if you are unsure.

turn down拒绝一个提议,或降低音量/水平

She turned down the job offer because the commute was too long.

turn off关闭设备或灯

Turn the TV off before you go to bed.

turn on启动设备或灯

Can you turn on the heating? It is freezing in here.

turn out以特定方式结果,或出席活动

The party turned out to be much more fun than I expected.

turn up到达,通常是意外地,或调高音量

He turned up at the party two hours late without an explanation.

give away免费赠送某物,或意外泄露秘密

Her expression gave away exactly how she felt about the news.

give in停止抵抗并接受失败

After weeks of nagging, he finally gave in and bought the new sofa.

give up停止尝试或做某事

Never give up on something you really care about.

8与SET、BREAK和RUN连用的短语动词

"Set"、"break"和"run"贡献了一些英语中最有用、使用最广泛的短语动词。其中许多在商业、新闻和日常对话中不断出现。

set off开始一段旅程,或触发某事

We set off early to avoid the traffic on the motorway.

set out以特定目标开始一项任务或旅程

She set out to prove that the theory was wrong.

set up建立或安排某事

They set up a small business from their kitchen table.

set back延误进展或造成问题

The power cut set the project back by almost a week.

break down机器停止工作,或失去情绪控制

The car broke down on the highway and we had to call for help.

break in强行进入,或打断对话

Sorry to break in, but we are almost out of time.

break out危险或令人不快的事突然开始

A fire broke out in the warehouse early on Sunday morning.

break through克服障碍或在困难后取得成功

Scientists believe they have broken through in the search for a treatment.

break up结束一段关系,或一个群体解散

They broke up after three years together.

run into意外遇到某人,或遇到问题

I ran into an old school friend at the supermarket yesterday.

run out of用光某物以至于一无所剩

We ran out of coffee this morning — can you grab some on your way home?

run away从某地或某情境逃跑

You cannot just run away from your problems.

run over快速复习,或超过时间限制

The meeting ran over by half an hour and everyone was late for lunch.

9更多你每天都会听到的日常短语动词

这些短语动词跨越多个基础动词,是随意口语、职场对话和日常英语媒体中最常见的。与前面的部分合计,总数已远超100个。

find out发现信息

Did you find out what time the train leaves?

figure out通过思考理解或解决某事

I finally figured out how to use the new software.

fill in填写表格,或告知某人错过的信息

Can you fill me in on what happened at the meeting?

fill out填写文件或表格

You will need to fill out this form before your appointment.

call off取消计划好的事情

They called off the outdoor concert because of the forecast.

call back回电话

He said he was busy and would call me back in an hour.

hold on等待,或紧紧抓住某物

Hold on a second — I need to grab my coat.

hold up延误某事,或持枪抢劫

Road works are holding up traffic on the main road.

carry on继续做某事

Carry on with your work — I will be back in a moment.

carry out执行或完成任务或活动

Engineers carried out a full inspection of the bridge.

keep up保持同样的速度或标准

She was finding it hard to keep up with the rest of the class.

keep on尽管有困难仍继续做某事

Just keep on trying — it will click eventually.

show up出现或到达某地

Only half the guests showed up to the event.

end up到达某种状态、地方或结果,通常是无意的

We missed the last bus and ended up walking home in the rain.

work out锻炼,或计划或情况成功

I hope this new strategy works out for the team.

sort out解决问题或组织某事

We need to sort out the delivery issue before the client calls back.

point out通过提及或指出来引导对某事的注意

She pointed out a mistake in the third paragraph.

make up编造故事,或争吵后和解

Stop making things up — just tell me what really happened.

10如何真正学习并记住它们

阅读短语动词列表与学习它们是不同的。纸上知道一个短语动词和能够自然使用它之间的差距,取决于你如何学习它。以下是研究和经验都支持的方法:

在语境中学习,而不是孤立地学——连同它所在的句子一起记住的短语动词,在记忆中停留的可能性是单独学习定义的五倍。
按基础动词分组——你现在正在做的就是这个。在一次学习中比较"get off"、"get on"、"get over"和"get out",能显示模式并减少复习时间。
使用间隔重复——在一天后、然后三天后、然后一周后复习新短语动词。每次间隔复习都会在记忆消退之前加强记忆痕迹。
生产,而不只是识别——阅读是被动的。用每个新短语动词写两个句子,或大声说出来。生产迫使你的大脑检索并使用这种形式。
在真实音频中遇到它们——单独的闪卡练习是不够的。你需要听真实说话者以自然速度使用短语动词,这样你的耳朵才能在对话中识别它们。
回顾总接触次数,而不是总条目数——如果你在一周内三个不同的视频中遇到同一个短语动词,这比在一次学习中学三十个新动词效果更好。

重要提示:不要试图在一次学习中学完所有100个短语动词。选择5–8个你认为最有用或最令人困惑的,本周彻底学好它们,然后再回来学下一批。

11FlexiLingo如何帮助你掌握短语动词

学习短语动词最难的部分不是记忆列表——而是在真实口语中、以自然速度、在足够的语境下遇到它们,以理解它们的含义。FlexiLingo正是为此而建:它在你已经想看的视频和播客上添加一个学习层,让你遇到的每个短语都成为一课。

在真实视频语境中遇到短语动词

用精准双语字幕观看YouTube、BBC Audio和播客。当母语者以全速使用短语动词时,你在屏幕上看到它在其自然句子中——而不是作为词典条目。

点击任意短语动词即时理解

在视频中间点击"come across"或"put off",即可看到完整含义、例句和你语言的翻译——不需要暂停或切换标签。

一键保存完整句子

将短语动词连同它来自的完整句子添加到你的词汇集。那个语境是让它令人难忘的东西,确保你保存了正确的含义。

间隔重复复习

你保存的短语动词自动流入智能闪卡复习,在你即将忘记之前重新出现——让你从真实内容中学到的东西真正留存。

常见问题

我需要知道多少个短语动词才能听起来自然?

大多数研究者和教师认为,排名前100–150的短语动词涵盖了绝大多数日常用法。如果你知道本文中的100个并能自然使用它们,你在几乎任何非正式对话中都会听起来流利。然后你可以在语境中遇到新的时候继续扩展。

有记忆短语动词是否可分离的技巧吗?

没有一条规则能涵盖所有情况,但有规律可循。带直接宾语的短语动词(take something off、put something away)通常是可分离的。带介词而非小品词的短语动词(look into something、go over something)通常是不可分离的。最可靠的方法是在学习每个动词时注意例句中的语序。

我应该从列表还是从真实内容中学短语动词?

两者都有作用。像本文这样组织良好的列表能给你高效的概述,帮助你发现规律。但研究一贯表明,当你后来在真实的、令人难忘的语境中遇到词汇时,它留存效果最好。用列表来熟悉,然后在播客、视频和对话中寻找每个短语动词来巩固它。

为什么短语动词会根据语境改变含义?

英语高度依赖语境,"up"、"out"和"off"这样的小品词携带着随基础动词变化的松散概念含义。"Up"往往暗示完成或增加;"out"往往暗示出现或耗尽;"off"往往暗示离开或停止。一旦你开始注意到跨许多短语动词的这些规律,新的就会变得更容易猜测和记忆。

口语中提高短语动词使用最快的方法是什么?

最快的途径是每周挑选五个短语动词,用你生活中的真实情境创建自己的例句,然后当天在对话或语音备忘录中使用它们。将个性化生产与间隔重复复习和真实音频接触相结合,将比任何其他方法更快地将短语动词从识别移向自动使用。

2026年5月29日
FL
FlexiLingo 团队
我们构建工具,将你已经喜爱的内容——YouTube、播客等——变成个性化英语课程。

在真实英语中听到短语动词——并记住它们

用精准字幕观看视频,点击任意短语动词即时理解,并带语境保存以供间隔复习。