100个最常用英语短语动词(附例句)
短语动词在真实英语中无处不在——而大多数教材几乎不涉及它们。以下是你真正需要的100个,附含义和例句。
1什么是短语动词(以及为什么它们无处不在)
短语动词是一个动词与一两个小词——介词、小品词或两者——的组合,这些小词合在一起承载着无法从各部分单独预测的含义。"Give"有一个含义。"Give up"则意思完全不同。"Give in"、"give out"和"give away"各有不同的意思。小词改变了一切。
英语母语者持续不断地使用短语动词——不只是在随意对话中,在会议、播客、新闻广播、电影甚至正式写作中也如此。研究口语英语的学者一致发现,短语动词出现的频率比其单词等价物更高。你听到"find out"的概率远高于"discover","put off"远高于"postpone","bring up"远高于"raise"。
这意味着如果你无法识别和使用常用短语动词,你就缺失了一大块真实英语。本文涵盖100个最常用的,按基础动词分组以便更容易学习和比较。每条都有清晰的含义和真实的例句。
关键见解:短语动词不是俚语。它们是口语英语和非正式写作的标准词汇。避免使用它们会让你的英语听起来正式而不自然。
2为什么短语动词感觉那么难
如果你觉得短语动词令人困惑,你并不孤单。即使是高级学习者也常说它们是英语词汇中最难的部分。有四个主要原因:
好消息是你不需要一次全部记住。关于词汇习得的研究表明,排名前100的短语动词涵盖了绝大多数的真实用法。先学这些,长尾就变得更容易管理了。
3可分离vs不可分离的短语动词
关于任何短语动词最有用的一个认知,是它是否可分离。这决定了你是否可以将名词宾语放在动词和小品词之间——以及当宾语是代词时你是否必须这样做。
你可以把宾语放在小品词前面或后面。"Turn off the TV"和"Turn the TV off"都是正确的。但如果是代词,只有分开的版本可以:"Turn it off"是正确的——"Turn off it"不正确。
动词和小品词必须在一起。宾语始终跟在完整短语动词后面:"She looked after the children"——不能说"She looked the children after"。代词遵循同样的规则:"She looked after them。"
在下面的列表中,大多数条目后面跟着显示语序的自然例句。如果一个例句将动词和小品词分开,这个短语动词就是可分离的;如果宾语始终跟在两个词后面,就是不可分离的。使用错误的语序是中级学习者最常见的错误之一——所以要注意每个例子中的模式。
提示:当你保存一个新短语动词时,始终注明它是否可分离。写两个短例句——一个带名词宾语,一个带代词——使语序变得自动。
4与GET连用的短语动词(16个)
"Get"是英语中最多能的动词之一,其短语动词形式属于日常口语中最常见的。这16个是必不可少的——在听几个小时的自然英语后,你会遇到所有这些。
She gets up at six every morning to go to the gym.
He gets along well with all of his colleagues.
They finally got away for a long weekend in the mountains.
I got back from the conference late last night.
We can get by on one income for a few months if we are careful.
All this rainy weather is really getting me down.
What time does your flight get in?
She got into podcasting during the lockdown and never stopped.
Get off the bus at the third stop and walk two blocks north.
How are you getting on with your new project?
He decided it was time to get out of the corporate world.
It took her months to get over losing that job.
I finally got rid of all those old books I was never going to read.
I could not get through to the office — the line was busy all day.
Let's get together for coffee before the holidays.
What have you been getting up to lately?
5与TAKE、PUT和BRING连用的短语动词
"Take"、"put"和"bring"构成了数十个高频短语动词。将它们一起学习有助于你看到模式——像"off"或"up"这样共同的小品词如何在不同基础动词中创造相关含义。
The plane took off two hours late due to the storm.
She took on three extra clients this quarter and is feeling overwhelmed.
He took her out to dinner to celebrate the promotion.
A larger company took over their startup last spring.
I took up running last year and it has changed my mornings.
Please put your toys away before dinner.
Stop putting off that difficult conversation — it only gets harder.
She put on her jacket and headed out into the cold.
It took firefighters two hours to put out the blaze.
I do not know how she puts up with all that noise every day.
The new regulations were designed to bring about lasting change.
That song brings back memories of our road trip.
He brought up the budget issue right at the end of the meeting.
Competition really brings out the best in her.
Can we bring the deadline forward by a week?
6与COME和GO连用的短语动词
"Come"和"go"是英语中最基本的运动动词,但它们的短语形式远远超出了物理运动的范畴。许多表达变化、进展、惊喜和社交互动。
I came across an old photo album while cleaning the attic.
How is your French coming along these days?
She moved abroad for two years but came back last autumn.
He came down with a bad cold the night before the presentation.
Her new book comes out in September.
Do you want to come over for dinner on Friday?
Something came up at work and I had to cancel my plans.
The team came up with a creative solution in under an hour.
Go ahead and start without me — I will be five minutes late.
She did not fully agree but went along with the plan anyway.
They went back to the restaurant where they had their first date.
The alarm went off at three in the morning and woke everyone up.
What is going on in the meeting room?
They go out every Friday evening to unwind after the week.
Let's go over the contract one more time before signing.
7与LOOK、TURN和GIVE连用的短语动词
"Look"、"turn"和"give"各有丰富的短语动词家族,描述方向、变化和转移。这些在对话和写作中都特别常见。
Could you look after my cat while I am away?
Looking back, I am glad I made that decision.
I have been looking for my keys for the past twenty minutes.
I am really looking forward to the summer holidays.
The manager promised to look into the complaint right away.
Look out — there is ice on the steps.
Look up the word in a dictionary if you are unsure.
She turned down the job offer because the commute was too long.
Turn the TV off before you go to bed.
Can you turn on the heating? It is freezing in here.
The party turned out to be much more fun than I expected.
He turned up at the party two hours late without an explanation.
Her expression gave away exactly how she felt about the news.
After weeks of nagging, he finally gave in and bought the new sofa.
Never give up on something you really care about.
8与SET、BREAK和RUN连用的短语动词
"Set"、"break"和"run"贡献了一些英语中最有用、使用最广泛的短语动词。其中许多在商业、新闻和日常对话中不断出现。
We set off early to avoid the traffic on the motorway.
She set out to prove that the theory was wrong.
They set up a small business from their kitchen table.
The power cut set the project back by almost a week.
The car broke down on the highway and we had to call for help.
Sorry to break in, but we are almost out of time.
A fire broke out in the warehouse early on Sunday morning.
Scientists believe they have broken through in the search for a treatment.
They broke up after three years together.
I ran into an old school friend at the supermarket yesterday.
We ran out of coffee this morning — can you grab some on your way home?
You cannot just run away from your problems.
The meeting ran over by half an hour and everyone was late for lunch.
9更多你每天都会听到的日常短语动词
这些短语动词跨越多个基础动词,是随意口语、职场对话和日常英语媒体中最常见的。与前面的部分合计,总数已远超100个。
Did you find out what time the train leaves?
I finally figured out how to use the new software.
Can you fill me in on what happened at the meeting?
You will need to fill out this form before your appointment.
They called off the outdoor concert because of the forecast.
He said he was busy and would call me back in an hour.
Hold on a second — I need to grab my coat.
Road works are holding up traffic on the main road.
Carry on with your work — I will be back in a moment.
Engineers carried out a full inspection of the bridge.
She was finding it hard to keep up with the rest of the class.
Just keep on trying — it will click eventually.
Only half the guests showed up to the event.
We missed the last bus and ended up walking home in the rain.
I hope this new strategy works out for the team.
We need to sort out the delivery issue before the client calls back.
She pointed out a mistake in the third paragraph.
Stop making things up — just tell me what really happened.
10如何真正学习并记住它们
阅读短语动词列表与学习它们是不同的。纸上知道一个短语动词和能够自然使用它之间的差距,取决于你如何学习它。以下是研究和经验都支持的方法:
重要提示:不要试图在一次学习中学完所有100个短语动词。选择5–8个你认为最有用或最令人困惑的,本周彻底学好它们,然后再回来学下一批。
11FlexiLingo如何帮助你掌握短语动词
学习短语动词最难的部分不是记忆列表——而是在真实口语中、以自然速度、在足够的语境下遇到它们,以理解它们的含义。FlexiLingo正是为此而建:它在你已经想看的视频和播客上添加一个学习层,让你遇到的每个短语都成为一课。
用精准双语字幕观看YouTube、BBC Audio和播客。当母语者以全速使用短语动词时,你在屏幕上看到它在其自然句子中——而不是作为词典条目。
在视频中间点击"come across"或"put off",即可看到完整含义、例句和你语言的翻译——不需要暂停或切换标签。
将短语动词连同它来自的完整句子添加到你的词汇集。那个语境是让它令人难忘的东西,确保你保存了正确的含义。
你保存的短语动词自动流入智能闪卡复习,在你即将忘记之前重新出现——让你从真实内容中学到的东西真正留存。
常见问题
大多数研究者和教师认为,排名前100–150的短语动词涵盖了绝大多数日常用法。如果你知道本文中的100个并能自然使用它们,你在几乎任何非正式对话中都会听起来流利。然后你可以在语境中遇到新的时候继续扩展。
没有一条规则能涵盖所有情况,但有规律可循。带直接宾语的短语动词(take something off、put something away)通常是可分离的。带介词而非小品词的短语动词(look into something、go over something)通常是不可分离的。最可靠的方法是在学习每个动词时注意例句中的语序。
两者都有作用。像本文这样组织良好的列表能给你高效的概述,帮助你发现规律。但研究一贯表明,当你后来在真实的、令人难忘的语境中遇到词汇时,它留存效果最好。用列表来熟悉,然后在播客、视频和对话中寻找每个短语动词来巩固它。
英语高度依赖语境,"up"、"out"和"off"这样的小品词携带着随基础动词变化的松散概念含义。"Up"往往暗示完成或增加;"out"往往暗示出现或耗尽;"off"往往暗示离开或停止。一旦你开始注意到跨许多短语动词的这些规律,新的就会变得更容易猜测和记忆。
最快的途径是每周挑选五个短语动词,用你生活中的真实情境创建自己的例句,然后当天在对话或语音备忘录中使用它们。将个性化生产与间隔重复复习和真实音频接触相结合,将比任何其他方法更快地将短语动词从识别移向自动使用。