CELPIP Collocations: Word Partnerships That Lift Your Band

1什么是搭配——以及 CELPIP 评分员为何奖励它们

搭配（collocation）是母语者习惯一起使用的一对或一组词：你 make a decision，而不是 "do" 一个；你 raise concerns，而不是 "lift" 它们。单个的词都很简单，但选对搭档正是流利英语与翻译腔英语之间的区别所在。

在 CELPIP 中，Speaking 和 Writing 的 Vocabulary（词汇）维度并不只是关于认识生僻词。评分员是在把你的输出与 CLB 描述语进行匹配，而最清晰的 CLB 9+ 信号之一就是自然的词语组合。由正确搭配构成的回答听起来毫不费力；由技术上正确但缺乏搭档的词构成的回答则显得吃力，即便每个词都拼写无误。

这就是为什么搭配是高杠杆的。你已经认识 decision、concern、deadline、impact 这样的词。你不需要学习新词汇——你需要学习这些熟悉的名词要求搭配哪些动词、形容词和介词。这比死记生僻的单个词是一项小得多、快得多的工作，而且它能更可靠地提升你的分段。

搭配同样能帮助你的 Listening 和 Reading。当一位 CBC 的说话者说 "the policy drew sharp criticism" 时，把 drew criticism 和 sharp criticism 识别为固定单位，意味着你把这句话当成两个组块来处理，而不是五个独立的词——理解更快，在同义改述题上漏听更少。

Tip: 把每个常见名词都想象成拥有一小组"认可的搭档"。你在 CELPIP 中要做的是学习这些搭档，而不是寻找新的名词。

2你可能已经掌握的20组，以及你还需要的另外60组

我们的配套文章——CELPIP 短语与词汇库（CELPIP Phrase & Vocabulary Bank）——以一份20条 CELPIP 钟爱的搭配清单收尾（raise concerns, address the problem, shed light on, weigh the pros and cons 等等）。把那份清单当作你的基础——是你应该已经认得的那20组。

本文则远远超出了这个范围。下面你会找到另外60多组搭配，它们按照你的大脑在时间压力下实际提取的方式来组织：按语法模式（动词+名词、形容词+名词、副词+形容词、固定介词）以及按考试题型（邮件、观点、趋势、语域）。短语库给你一套入门集合；本文给你一套结构化的系统。

raise concerns / raise an issue
address the problem / address the matter
draw criticism / draw attention
have an impact on / play a role in
make a strong case for
strike a balance between
weigh the pros and cons
meet the demand / meet the deadline

不要试图一次性吞下全部80组。把每个小节都浏览一遍，标出那15到20组感觉似曾相识但又不完全熟悉的搭配（那些是最快见效的项目），然后把它们加载进第12节的考试当天词卡组。把那些已经能自动反应出来的搭配留下——你已经掌握的东西不需要再学。

Tip: 如果下面清单中的某个搭配对你来说已经成为本能，跳过它。学习的价值完全在于那些你目前用得稍有偏差的组合上。

3动词 + 名词搭配（make a decision, raise concerns, meet a deadline）

动词+名词是最容易出错的模式，因为用错动词（do a decision, say an opinion）虽然语法上成立，却立刻显得不地道。把名词连同它正确的动词一起学，作为一个整体。

make a decision / reach a decision / come to a decision
take action / take steps / take measures
set a goal / set a deadline / set priorities
draw up a plan / put forward a proposal
reach an agreement / reach a compromise

raise concerns / express concerns / voice concerns
address an issue / tackle a problem / resolve a dispute
pose a risk / pose a challenge / pose a threat
meet a need / meet a deadline / meet expectations
cause a delay / cause confusion / cause disruption

make a point / make a suggestion / make a complaint
give an example / give feedback / give an update
hold a view / share an opinion / express a preference
ask a favour / ask permission / request assistance
draw a conclusion / reach a verdict

reach a compromise (verb + noun)

通过双方各让一步来解决分歧。CELPIP 示例（Task 2）："Rather than choosing one option outright, the team could reach a compromise that preserves the best of both proposals."

拿不准时绝不要默认用 make 或 do。如果想不起搭配的动词，就换一个你确实知道其搭档的名词——在更简单的名词上用对搭配，胜过在花哨的名词上用错动词。

4形容词 + 名词搭配（strong argument, valid point, growing concern）

形容词+名词的组合是你在不动用生僻词的情况下展示精确度和强度的方式。"A big problem" 没问题；但 "a pressing problem" 或 "a serious problem" 是 CLB 9+。名词很普通；是形容词让它有分量。

a strong argument / a compelling argument / a weak argument
a valid point / a fair point / a key point
a common misconception / a widespread belief
a reasonable assumption / a safe assumption
a minor detail / a crucial detail

a pressing issue / a growing concern / a serious problem
a major drawback / a significant disadvantage
a tight deadline / a heavy workload / a busy schedule
a major setback / a temporary setback
an urgent matter / a sensitive matter

a significant impact / a lasting impact / a positive impact
a clear benefit / a tangible benefit / a long-term benefit
high demand / strong support / broad appeal
a viable option / a practical solution / a realistic alternative
a steep price / a reasonable cost / a worthwhile investment

a growing concern (adjective + noun)

一种随时间不断加剧的担忧。CELPIP 示例（Speaking Task 7）："Screen time among young children is a growing concern, and I think parents should set clear limits early."

Tip: 把表示强度的形容词（serious, pressing, significant, tangible）与你已经在用的抽象名词搭配起来。仅此一个习惯就能比学习十个新名词更快地提升 Vocabulary。

5副词 + 形容词搭配（highly effective, deeply concerned, widely accepted）

副词+形容词的组合可以替代被过度使用的强调词 "very"。"Very effective" 很平淡；"highly effective" 会被评为更强的选择。不过副词必须与形容词匹配——你不能说 "highly tired"，而要说 "utterly exhausted"。学习这些认可的组合。

highly effective / highly competitive / highly likely
widely accepted / widely recognised / widely available
deeply concerned / deeply rooted / deeply divided
strongly opposed / strongly recommend / strongly support
fully aware / fully committed / fully understand

perfectly clear (not "very clear")
utterly exhausted (not "very tired")
absolutely essential (not "very important")
deeply grateful (not "very thankful")
increasingly common (not "more and more common")

reasonably confident / reasonably priced
broadly consistent / broadly similar
particularly effective / particularly relevant
remarkably consistent / remarkably resilient
genuinely concerned / genuinely useful

widely accepted (adverb + adjective)

被大多数人所认同。CELPIP 示例（Writing Task 2）："It is now widely accepted that flexible hours improve productivity, which is why I would support the new policy."

让副词去匹配形容词，而不是去匹配 "very"。如果你本想说 "very tired"，就改用 utterly exhausted；如果想说 "very clear"，就改用 perfectly clear。用错副词（"highly tired"）比朴素的 "very" 听起来更糟。

6固定介词搭配（depend on, result in, comply with, cope with）

固定介词是悄无声息的分段杀手。"Depend of"、"comply to"、"result to"——每一个看起来都像合乎语法，却都是错的，而评分员会立刻察觉，因为介词是由动词或形容词固定的，而不是由逻辑决定的。没有规则可循；你只能逐一记住每一组搭配。

depend on / rely on / count on
result in (an outcome) / result from (a cause)
comply with (rules) / cope with (difficulty)
consist of / account for / benefit from
lead to / contribute to / object to
deal with / interfere with / cooperate with

aware of / capable of / typical of
responsible for / suitable for / eligible for
concerned about / enthusiastic about / cautious about
similar to / accustomed to / committed to
consistent with / familiar with / dissatisfied with

an increase in / a decrease in / a rise in
a solution to / an answer to / a threat to
the impact of / the cause of / the advantage of
a demand for / a need for / a reason for
an alternative to / an objection to

comply with (verb + preposition)

遵守某项规则或指示。CELPIP 示例（Task 1 email）："I am writing to confirm that our team will comply with the new safety procedures starting next Monday." 注意：是 comply with，绝不是 "comply to"。

Tip: 当你把一个新的动词或形容词存进词卡组时，把介词和它作为一个组块一起存——"result IN"、"concerned ABOUT"。只学动词本身，几乎保证你在压力下会把介词猜错。

7职场与邮件搭配（用于 Writing Task 1）

Writing Task 1 几乎总是一封邮件，通常是写给老板、公司或机构的。这些职场搭配承载了提示语所期望的正式语域，让你听起来像一个经常撰写专业邮件的人。

bring a matter to your attention
address an ongoing issue
request an extension / request clarification
raise a formal complaint / file a complaint
follow up on our previous conversation

take the necessary steps / take prompt action
look into the matter / investigate the issue
meet the deadline / extend the deadline
reach a resolution / find a workable solution
honour the agreement / waive the fee

appreciate your prompt attention to this matter
look forward to your response / await your reply
remain available should you need further details
apologise for any inconvenience caused
value your continued cooperation

bring a matter to your attention (email opener)

一种开启投诉或通知的正式方式。CELPIP 示例："I am writing to bring a recurring billing error to your attention, which has now affected two consecutive statements."

让搭配的语域与收件人相匹配。"File a complaint" 和 "appreciate your prompt attention" 属于正式邮件；而写给朋友的便条则适合用 "give you a heads-up" 和 "sort it out"。把两者混在一起是最常见的语气不匹配错误。

8观点与论证搭配（用于 Speaking Task 7 和 Writing Task 2）

Speaking Task 7 和 Writing Task 2 都要求你确立并捍卫一个立场。这些搭配能帮你架构你的立场、你的论证和你的让步，而不必每次都诉诸同样平淡的词（"good reason"、"big advantage"）。

make a compelling case / build a strong case
hold a firm view / take a clear stance
put forward an argument / advance an argument
back up a claim / support a position with evidence
carry weight / hold true

acknowledge a valid point / concede some ground
weigh the costs and benefits / weigh competing priorities
outweigh the drawbacks / outweigh the risks
strike the right balance / find common ground
see merit in both sides

the most sensible option / the more practical choice
a far better alternative / a clear advantage over
tip the scales in favour of
the deciding factor / the bottom line
well worth considering / hard to justify

outweigh the drawbacks (argument verb + noun)

比负面因素更重要。CELPIP 示例（Task 7）："Working from home has its downsides, but for most people the flexibility and saved commute time clearly outweigh the drawbacks."

Tip: 一个让步搭配（acknowledge a valid point）后面紧跟一个反驳搭配（the benefits outweigh the drawbacks），就在一口气之内构成了一个完整的、高分段的论证动作。把它们配对使用。

9因果、变化与趋势搭配（用于描述情境和预测）

CELPIP 的若干任务要求你描述某事物如何变化或预测将会发生什么（Speaking Task 4 根据一张图片进行预测；Task 2 和 Task 7 也常常涉及趋势）。这些搭配能精确地描述方向和原因。

a sharp increase / a steady rise / a gradual decline
rise dramatically / drop significantly / level off
gain momentum / gain popularity / lose ground
reach a peak / hit a record high / fall to a low
fluctuate widely / remain stable

give rise to / pave the way for / set in motion
trigger a response / spark a debate / fuel demand
have a knock-on effect / leave a lasting impression
stem from / arise from / be driven by
in the long run / in the short term

be likely to / be bound to / show signs of
point to a trend / signal a shift
in all likelihood / for the foreseeable future
bound to improve / set to grow
barring any setbacks

gain momentum (trend verb + noun)

随时间变得更强或更快。CELPIP 示例（Task 4 prediction）："Based on the chart, online learning is gaining momentum, so I'd expect enrolment to keep climbing next year."

用搭配来量化方向，而不只是用一个动词。"It went up" 是 CLB 6；"it rose steadily" 或 "it climbed sharply" 是 CLB 9——是搭配的副词搭档在做拉分的工作。

10标识语域的搭配（正式 vs 随意的组合）

许多意思都有一个正式的搭配和一个随意的搭配。为某项任务选错了搭配就是语气错误，而语气不匹配是丢掉 Task Fulfillment 分数最快的方式之一。下面这些组合让你能有意识地切换语域。

左侧适合正式的 Task 1 邮件和 Task 2 议论文；右侧适合友好的 Speaking 任务和非正式的 Task 1 便条。意思相同——改变的只是组合本身。

reach a decision (formal) — make up your mind (casual)
address the issue (formal) — sort it out (casual)
request assistance (formal) — give me a hand (casual)
express dissatisfaction (formal) — not be happy about (casual)
provide an update (formal) — fill you in (casual)

decline an invitation (formal) — take a rain check (casual)
raise a concern (formal) — flag something (casual)
anticipate a delay (formal) — be running late (casual)
convey my gratitude (formal) — say a huge thanks (casual)
make an exception (formal) — let it slide (casual)

express dissatisfaction vs not be happy about

意思相同，语域不同。正式邮件："I wish to express my dissatisfaction with the service." 友好消息："I have to be honest, I wasn't happy about how that went."

Tip: 先读提示语，在选择搭配之前先确定语域。一旦你选定了正式或随意，就让每一个组合都保持在那一侧——在回答中途切换正是评分员能抓住的破绽。

11让评分员听起来"别扭"的10个搭配错误（make/do, say/tell）

这十个错误如此常见，以至于评分员会把它们当成一个清晰的低分段信号来识别。其中没有一个是教科书意义上的语法错误——它们全都是错误的组合。改正这十个错误是纯赚不赔的。

make vs do：你 make a decision, a mistake, a suggestion, a complaint, an effort, progress；你 do your homework, the dishes, research, a favour, business, your best。错误："do a decision"、"make my homework"。

say vs tell：你 say something（say it to someone）；你 tell someone something（tell 需要一个表示人的宾语）。错误："He said me the news"、"She told that she was late"。正确："He told me the news"、"She said she was late"。

do a decision -> make a decision
say me the answer -> tell me the answer
make a research -> do research / conduct research
discuss about the issue -> discuss the issue (no 'about')
depend of the situation -> depend on the situation
comply to the rules -> comply with the rules
give an exam -> take an exam / write an exam
lose the bus -> miss the bus
make a party -> throw a party / have a party
a strong rain -> heavy rain

这些错误通常不会破坏意思，所以它们不会拉低你的 Listening 或 Reading 分数——但在 Speaking 和 Writing 中，它们会直接拖累你的 Vocabulary 分段，因为它们正是 CLB 描述语所期望一个强水平用户能用对的那些组合。

Tip: 挑出你目前会犯的其中两三个，只针对它们做专项训练。你不需要去改正你从不犯的错误——先用一段录音练习任务找出你自己的漏洞。

12如何以组块方式学习搭配，外加一份40条搭配的考试当天词卡组

搭配只有在你把整个组块一起学、而绝不把词拆开学时才能记牢。下面先是方法，然后是一份精选的40条词卡组——本文整篇中杠杆效率最高的组合，可以直接拿来训练。

组块法：把每个搭配作为一个单位存在一张词卡上（一面写 "____ a decision"，另一面写 "make / reach"）。永远把名词和它的动词一起学，把动词和它的介词一起学。在你认定一个组块已经学会之前，要在三个完整的句子里把它产出三次——认得，和在考试压力下能提取出来，是两回事。

活学活用：来自教科书的搭配感觉是死的；同样的搭配来自一篇 CBC 观点文章或一档加拿大播客时则感觉可用，因为你是在语境中遇到它们的。当你阅读或听的时候，存下整个组合（"the policy sparked a debate"），而不是那个单独的词（"debate"）。FlexiLingo 的短语检测会自动标记这些多词单位，让你的词卡组里装满真实、反复出现的加拿大英语搭配。

1. make a decision / reach a decision
2. take action / take steps
3. raise concerns / express concerns
4. address an issue / tackle a problem
5. meet a deadline / meet expectations
6. pose a risk / pose a challenge
7. make a strong point / make a compelling case
8. draw a conclusion
9. a pressing issue / a growing concern
10. a valid point / a fair point
11. a significant impact / a lasting impact
12. a viable option / a practical solution
13. a tight deadline / a heavy workload
14. highly effective / highly likely
15. widely accepted / widely recognised
16. deeply concerned / strongly opposed
17. absolutely essential / perfectly clear
18. depend on / rely on
19. result in / result from
20. comply with / cope with
21. lead to / contribute to
22. concerned about / responsible for
23. consistent with / committed to
24. an increase in / a solution to
25. bring a matter to your attention
26. take the necessary steps
27. apologise for any inconvenience caused
28. look forward to your response
29. acknowledge a valid point
30. the benefits outweigh the drawbacks
31. strike the right balance
32. tip the scales in favour of
33. a sharp increase / a gradual decline
34. gain momentum / gain popularity
35. give rise to / pave the way for
36. be likely to / show signs of
37. in the long run / in the short term
38. sort it out (casual) / address the issue (formal)
39. give me a hand (casual) / request assistance (formal)
40. heavy rain (not 'strong rain'), take an exam (not 'give an exam')

Tip: 每天从这份词卡组里训练五个搭配，始终放在一个完整的句子里。八天之后你就能把全部40个都装进活跃记忆；每周复习这份清单，直到考试当天。

常见问题

搭配（collocation）和习语（idiom）有什么区别？

搭配是字面的、可预测的词语组合（make a decision, heavy rain），其意思是透明的。习语则是比喻性的，无法从字面推断（"bite the bullet"、"under the weather"）。CELPIP 对两者都给予奖励，但搭配更安全、杠杆效率更高，因为它们是字面的——你可以使用多得多的搭配而不显得生硬。

在一篇 CELPIP 回答中我应该力求用多少个搭配？

每项 Speaking 任务用两到三个恰到好处的搭配，每项 Writing 任务用三到四个。这就足以发出一个强 Vocabulary 分段的信号。多于此就读起来像一份清单而不是自然的表达，而过度使用反而会降低评分员所期待的自然度。

把一个搭配用得稍有偏差会损害我的分数吗？

用错的组合（"do a decision"、"depend of"）比朴素的词更明确地是一个低分段信号，因为 CLB 描述语期望强水平用户能正确地组合词语。如果你对搭配的动词或介词没有把握，就用一个你确实知道其搭配的更简单的名词——在这里准确胜过雄心。

搭配对 Listening 和 Reading 重要吗，还是只对 Speaking 和 Writing 重要？

对四项技能都重要。在 Listening 和 Reading 中，把固定组合（"drew sharp criticism"、"gaining momentum"）识别为单个组块能加快理解，并帮你发现被同义改述的答案。在 Speaking 和 Writing 中，把它们产出能直接提升你的 Vocabulary 分段。一份搭配词卡组能让每个部分都受益。

这和 CELPIP 短语与词汇库（CELPIP Phrase & Vocabulary Bank）那篇文章有什么不同？

短语库聚焦于功能性的句子框架（观点开场白、让步短语、邮件开场白），并以一份20条搭配清单作为入门集合收尾。本文则专门致力于搭配本身——另外60多组按语法模式和考试题型组织的组合，外加一份40条的搭配词卡组。用短语库来获取句子框架，用本文来获取词语组合；两者结合起来就能涵盖两方面。

让新搭配变得自动化最快的方法是什么？

把它们作为整个组块从真实的加拿大内容里学，然后在继续之前用你自己的三个句子把每一个产出一遍。认得在考试压力下会消退；只有经过提取练习的组块才能存活下来。在这份40条词卡组上做间隔重复（Anki、Quizlet 或 FlexiLingo），每次复习都配一个完整的句子，大约两周就能让它们自动反应出来。

CELPIP 搭配：提升你分段的词语组合