Lend 还是 Borrow,Remember 还是 Remind:谁在对谁做什么
四个动词,坏在同一个地方。每一对都有一个给出者和一个接收者,用反了,谁做了什么也就跟着颠倒。附 30 个改错句。

1两对词坏在同一个地方
lend 和 borrow 跟 remember 和 remind 毫无关系,可学习者用错它们的原因却一模一样。看清这个共同的套路,两对词会同时变简单。
每一对都有一个给出者和一个接收者,而英语给每个角色配了不同的动词。很多语言只用一个动词,靠语法去分清谁是谁。英语不这样——动词本身就把话说明白了。
I lend you a book; you borrow it from me. I remind you of the meeting; you remember it. 每一次,都是一个词归提供方,另一个词归接收方。选错了并不会说出胡话,而是说出一句角色被对调了的话。
这正是这类错误特别顽固的原因。“Can you borrow me your pen?” 一听就懂,所以没人纠正,所以它能活很多年。听的人在心里默默修好,然后就翻篇了。
两个空都填一下:(a) Could you ___ me your charger? (b) Could I ___ your charger?
(a) lend——你是给出者。(b) borrow——我是接收者。同一个请求,两个方向,两个动词。
Tip: 选词之前先问自己站在这笔交易的哪一头。往外给是 lend 和 remind,往里收是 borrow 和 remember。
2Lend:东西从你这儿出去
lend 属于东西的主人,是他把东西暂时交出去。
lend + 人 + 物,或者 lend + 物 + TO + 人。I lent him my car. I lent my car to him.
- Can you lend me ten dollars? — you give, I receive
- She lent me her notes. — she gives
- I lent my bike to my brother. — with to
- The bank lends money. — its business is giving it out
- Could you lend me a hand? — an idiom meaning help
过去式和过去分词都是 lent,不是 lended。这是不规则动词:lend / lent / lent。“He lended me a book” 是常见错误,也很好改。
“Can you borrow me your pen?” 是这一对里出现频率最高的错误。borrow 不能带人作间接宾语,所以它永远不可能表示“给”。你要的是 lend。
在美式英语里,loan 也当动词用,意思等于 lend:“He loaned me his car.” 这在美国是标准用法,在英式英语里则略显别扭,那边的 loan 更常当名词。
Tip: lend me a hand 值得整块背下来。它常用、亲切,而且 lend 在这里的用法根本不可能跟 borrow 混。
3Borrow:东西到你这儿来
borrow 属于接收的一方,而且它的语法比 lend 更受限。
borrow + 物 + FROM + 人。I borrowed a book from the library. 根本不存在带人作间接宾语的说法。
- Can I borrow your pen? — I receive
- I borrowed this from my sister. — from marks the source
- He borrows money from everyone. — a habit
- You can borrow it for a week. — duration
- I borrowed you a pen. — WRONG, no such structure
最后一行才是关键的结构事实。lend 可以带两个宾语——lend me a pen——borrow 不行。英语里压根没有 “borrow me” 这种说法,任何语境下都没有,所以这是一条干净、没有例外的规则。
borrow 永远隐含要还。如果你是永久拿走,那就不是借——那是拿,或者是别人送你。所以 “Can I borrow a piece of paper?” 严格说很怪,因为你不会把纸还回去,不过母语者照样这么说。
borrow 是规则动词:borrow / borrowed / borrowed。只有 lend 不规则,也算是小小的开恩。
Tip: 如果你发现自己正要说出 “borrow me”,补救的说法要么是 “lend me”,要么是 “can I borrow”。两个都对,哪个先到嘴边就用哪个。
4介词早就把答案说了
很多时候,只要留意哪个介词正要冒出来,你就知道该用哪个动词了。
TO 配 lend,因为东西是从你这里往别人那边走。FROM 配 borrow,因为东西是从别人那里往你这边来。
- I lent it to him. — to, giving
- I borrowed it from him. — from, receiving
- I lent it from him. — wrong
- I borrowed it to him. — wrong
- She lends money to students. — to
- Students borrow money from the bank. — from
这其实是英语里一个更大的规律:to 标终点,from 标来源。Give to, send to, pass to;take from, receive from, get from。lend 和 borrow 稳稳地待在这套体系里,并不是随意的。
所以拿不准的时候,就从介词开始造句。如果 from 顺口,动词就是 borrow;如果 to 顺口,那就是 lend。
用 lend 时,人放在前面则介词可省:“I lent him my car” 不需要 to。可一旦东西放前面,介词就成了必需:“I lent my car to him.”
Tip: 这个 to/from 测试同样适用于第十节的 teach/learn,那不过是同一个问题换了身衣服。
5Remember:它自己回到你脑子里
remember 是第二对里接收的一侧。它发生在你自己的脑子里。
你 remember 某件事。没有人会 remember 你。remember 的主语永远是正在回忆的那个人。
- I remember his name. — it is in my head
- Do you remember me? — asking if I am in your memory
- I can't remember where I put it. — my own failure
- Remember to lock the door. — an instruction to yourself
- I remind his name. — WRONG, that is not what remind does
在这里要紧的这层意思上,remember 是不及人的:没有第二个人在促成什么。如果记忆是别人替你唤起的,你要用 remind。
注意否定式通常是 “I can't remember”,而不是听起来更斩钉截铁的 “I don't remember”。两个都对,但口语里 can't 常见得多。
remember 和 remind 发音够接近,学习者哪怕知道规则,语速一快也会对调。如果你听见自己说了 “remind”,而句子里根本没有第二个人,那就是用错了。
Tip: remember 后面永远不接人。只要动词后面跟着一个人,那它就必须是 remind。
6Remind:别人让你想起来
remind 是给出的一侧。它永远牵涉两方:一方促成记忆,另一方拥有记忆。
remind + 人 + about/of/to。remind 后面紧跟着的永远是一个人。
- Remind me about the meeting. — you cause my memory
- She reminded me to call him. — with an infinitive
- This song reminds me of my childhood. — of, for resemblance
- Can you remind him? — person required
- Remind about the meeting. — WRONG, person missing
它的结构规则跟 tell 完全一样:remind 永远需要它的那个人,就像 tell 一样。你既然知道 “tell that he was late” 是错的,就已经凭同样的道理知道 “remind about the meeting” 也是错的。
促成记忆的不一定是人:“This photo reminds me of home”“The alarm reminds me to take my pills.” 东西也能提醒你,而且这种用法极其常见。
“He reminded me his name” 是错的——需要 of:“He reminded me of his name”,或者更自然的 “He told me his name again.” remind 后面漏介词,是这一对里第二常见的错误。
Tip: Remind me to… 是日常英语里最实用的说法之一。“Remind me to buy milk” 这种请求人们天天在讲,值得练到脱口而出。
7remind of 和 remind about 的区别
两个介词都正确,而且承载的意思确实不同,值得分清楚。
“You remind me of your father.”“This place reminds me of Spain.” 这里是一样东西让人想起另一样,因为它们相像。不涉及任何义务,只是一种心理上的联想。
“Remind me about the dentist appointment.” 这是一句实用的提醒,好让你别忘了某件事或某个约。这正是你会拜托同事或伴侣做的事。
“Remind me to call the bank.” 日常生活里,三者中它最常见,因为大多数提醒是关于要做什么,而不是关于要知道什么。
- She reminds me of my sister. — they are alike
- She reminded me about my sister's birthday. — a prompt
- She reminded me to call my sister. — a prompt with an action
- You remind me about your father. — wrong; you want of
上面头两行说明了介词分量有多重。一句说两个人长得像,另一句说有人提醒了你一个日子。同一个动词,同样的人,说出来完全是两回事。
Tip: 想表达“像”,用 of;想表达“别忘了”,用 about 或 to。仅凭这一刀切开,基本上所有情况都覆盖了。
8remember to do 还是 remember doing
remember 属于一小撮动词,它们的不定式和 -ing 形式意思并不相同,而这一个的出现频率极高。
REMEMBER TO DO = 动作在未来,别忘了做。REMEMBER DOING = 动作在过去,你记得它发生过。
- I remembered to lock the door. — I did not forget, so I locked it
- I remember locking the door. — I have a memory of doing it
- Remember to post the letter. — an instruction for later
- I remember posting the letter. — I recall the moment
- Did you remember to call her? — did you do it?
- Do you remember calling her? — do you recall it?
这个区别在事情出岔子的时候最要紧。门现在开着、你一头雾水时,你说的是 “I remember locking the door”。而你把事情办得妥妥当当时,你说的是 “I remembered to lock the door”。
forget 的运作方式反过来完全一样:“I forgot to lock the door” 意思是门没锁;“I'll never forget locking the door” 意思是那个记忆一直留在你心里。stop、try 和 regret 的表现也类似。
这是真正的意思差别,不是风格选择。用反了,你告诉对方的就是与事实相反的事,而且因为两种说法语法上都成立,没有任何东西会提示你出错了。
Tip: remember to 朝前看,remember doing 朝后看。如果你是在叮嘱别人,那永远是 remember to。
9Rent、hire 和 loan
三个和钱有关的邻近动词,各有各的一团乱。
“I rent a flat.” 让人困惑的是,rent 两个方向都能走:租客 rents from the landlord,房东 rents to the tenant,或者 rents it out。靠介词来区分,和 lend、borrow 一模一样。
在英式英语里,你周末 hire a car。在美式英语里,hire 是雇人:“We hired three engineers.” 这是英美差异中比较尖锐的一处,在商务场合会造成真正的误解。
“I took out a loan” 是名词用法,全球通用。而把 “He loaned me his car” 当动词用是美式标准,在英式英语里略显别扭,那边更偏爱 lend。
- I rented a car for the weekend. — I paid to use it
- They rent the flat to students. — they are the landlord
- We rent from a private landlord. — we are the tenant
- I hired a car in Scotland. — British usage
- They hired me last year. — American usage, employment
rent out 是表明“提供方是你”的最清楚说法:“We rent out our spare room.” 没有 out,rent 在介词出现之前始终是模棱两可的。
Tip: 租车在英国说 hire,在美国说 rent。到了对方国家哪个都不算错,但各有各的本地默认;用另一个更多是暴露你是外来者,而不是让人听不懂。
10Teach 和 learn,同一个坑
这一对坏掉的方式和 lend、borrow 完全一样,之所以值得写进来,是因为解法也一样。
TEACH 是给出者,LEARN 是接收者。“She taught me English” 和 “I learned English from her” 是同一件事的两个视角。
- She taught me to drive. — she gives
- I learned to drive from her. — I receive
- She learned me to drive. — WRONG, a well-known error
- He teaches maths. — his job
- I'm learning Spanish. — I receive
“She learned me” 在古英语和某些方言里确实存在,所以你可能在小说里见到它。在现代标准英语里,它是错误,而且是很扎眼的错误。
learn 和 study 也值得分开:study 是过程,learn 是结果。“I studied for three hours but I didn't learn much” 是一句完全说得通的话,干净利落地把区别摆了出来。
留意本文所有词对共有的形状:lend/borrow、remind/remember、teach/learn。一个给出者、一个接收者,两个动词,各管一个方向。看清这个套路,你就是一次学三样东西,而不是背三条互不相干的事实。
Tip: learn from 是接收方的结构,正好对上 borrow from。这个平行关系分毫不差,是同时记住两者的好抓手。
11三十个句子,逐句改错
把右边遮住,先自己改,再看答案。这些是真实学习者英语中出现得最多的错误。
- Can you borrow me your pen? → Can you lend me your pen?
- I borrowed him some money → I lent him some money
- He lended me his car → He lent me his car
- I lent this book from the library → I borrowed this book from the library
- Can I lend your charger? → Can I borrow your charger?
- I borrowed it to my brother → I lent it to my brother
- She learned me to swim → She taught me to swim
- I taught English from a good teacher → I learned English from a good teacher
- Remind about the meeting tomorrow → Remind me about the meeting tomorrow
- He reminded me his name → He reminded me of his name
- This song reminds me my childhood → This song reminds me of my childhood
- Can you remember me to call her? → Can you remind me to call her?
- I remind his birthday every year → I remember his birthday every year
- You remind me about your father (resemblance) → You remind me of your father
- I remembered locking the door, so I locked it → I remembered to lock the door
- Remember locking the door before you leave → Remember to lock the door before you leave
- Did you remember calling her? (did you do it) → Did you remember to call her?
- I forgot locking the door, it's open → I forgot to lock the door, it's open
- I don't can remember his name → I can't remember his name
- She lent me a hand with the boxes → correct as written
- We rent our flat to students → correct as written
- I rented a car from a company → correct as written
- They hired me last month (American) → correct as written
- I took a loan from the bank → correct as written
- Can I borrow it for a week? → correct as written
- He borrows money to everyone → He borrows money from everyone
- I studied English for years but didn't learn much → correct as written
- The alarm reminds me taking my pills → The alarm reminds me to take my pills
- I lent my car for my brother → I lent my car to my brother
- Remind me buying milk → Remind me to buy milk
Tip: 其中有七句本来就是对的。如果你把它们改了,说明你在套模式而不是在读句子——而这正是考试里时间一紧就会发生的事。
12靠开口把方向动词练顺
本文里的每一对都是角色和语序问题,不是意思问题,而这决定了该怎么修。
知道规则帮不上太多忙,因为这些错误发生在说话的速度上,快到来不及调用任何规则。真正管用的,是把正确形式大声说出来的次数多到它第一个到嘴边。这更像肌肉习惯,而不是知识。
这也解释了为什么第五次读关于 lend 和 borrow 的文章依然没用。你早就知道哪个是哪个。差距在“知道”和“说出来”之间,而只有开口才能补上。
- 每天只挑一对,别想着四对一起修
- 大声说十句你是给出者的话,再说十句你是接收者的话
- 真实对话里留意介词——from 和 to 会把动词供出来
- 从真实内容里整句保存,因为角色藏在语序里
- 在真正需要之前,先开口向别人借一样东西试试
一天一对这个做法很关键。想在一次学习里把 lend、borrow、remind、remember、teach 和 learn 全修好的人,通常比开始时更糊涂,因为这些词对会在记忆里互相干扰。
Tip: FlexiLingo 给 YouTube 和播客加上互动字幕,你可以点开任何一个词看它的意思和 CEFR 等级,并连整句一起保存——这一点在这里格外重要,因为光看动词根本不知道谁在给、谁在收。
常见问题
lend 属于给出者,borrow 属于接收者。“Can you lend me your pen?” 和 “Can I borrow your pen?” 是同一个请求的两个视角。介词也印证了这一点:you lend something TO someone,borrow something FROM someone。另外,borrow 永远不能带人作间接宾语,所以英语里根本没有 “borrow me your pen” 这种说法。
因为 borrow 的意思是“接收”,这句话等于在请对方把你自己的笔从你手里拿走。而且 borrow 在任何语境下都不能带人作间接宾语。改法要么是 “Can you lend me your pen?”,要么是 “Can I borrow your pen?”——两个都对,也一样常用。
remember 发生在你自己脑子里,不牵涉第二个人:“I remember his name.” remind 的意思是有人或有东西促使你想起来,而且它后面永远紧跟一个人:“Remind me about the meeting.” 动词后面有人,就必然是 remind;没有人,就必然是 remember。
两个都能说,但意思不同。remind me OF 表示相像:“You remind me of your father”——你们长得像。remind me ABOUT 是实用的提醒:“Remind me about the appointment.” 而 remind me TO 是带着动作的提醒:“Remind me to call the bank”,这在日常生活里是三者中最常见的。
remember to do 说的是未来——别忘了做:“Remember to lock the door.” remember doing 说的是过去——你记得它发生过:“I remember locking the door.” 这个区别在事情出岔子时最要紧;而且因为两种说法语法上都成立,用反了就是在告诉对方与事实相反的事。
因为这些错误发生在说话的速度上,快到来不及调用任何规则;也因为错的说法总能被听懂——没人纠正你,这个习惯从来不曾被惩罚。解法是开口而不是再看书:以给出者的身份大声说十句,再以接收者的身份说十句,一次只练一对。想在一次学习里把四对全修好,通常只会更糟。